Sprayed Fibre Reinforced Concrete has emerged as a promising material for permanent tunnel linings, offering a more efficient and sustainable alternative to conventional tunnelling methods, which often result in inefficiencies in cost, time, and material use. The study aims to investigate the suitability of sprayed fibre-reinforced concrete as a superior option for permanent tunnel linings by assessing its mechanical performance, post-cracking behaviour, and compliance with existing standards and design guidelines. The research fully exploits the current methodology for the mechanical post-cracking characterization of sprayed fibre-reinforced concrete for use in PSCL, which is a mandatory step for the design process of these permanent structures. By also considering conventional cast-in-moulds samples, the study identifies useful possible correlations between post-cracking performance of reference sprayed concrete elements and cast ones. In addition, the study explores whether established relationships between fibre properties and post-cracking behaviour observed in case of sprayed FRC and investigates the influence of the spraying process on the compressive strength of sprayed fibre reinforced concrete compared with cast FRC. The research also aims to provide reliable post-cracking residual strength data from notched panel tests and to develop accurate uniaxial post-cracking constitutive laws to be used in the numerical modelling and design process of Permanent Sprayed Concrete Linings (PSCL). A comprehensive experimental campaign was conducted to achieve these objectives. The campaign included tests on reference sprayed Steel Fibre Reinforced specimens and also cast-in-mould samples from the same concrete batch. In addition, macro-synthetic fibres were used for preparing cast specimens. The post-cracking behaviour and toughness including compressive strength, elastic modulus, and shrinkage were studied. The residual strength test methodology (EN 14488-3 Method B), recently included in European sprayed concrete standard EN 14487-1 for the mechanical post-cracking characterization of FRC sprayed concrete was applied. Similarly, the energy absorption capacity test, EN 14488-5 panel test, which is also recommended by EN 14487-1 and commonly applied in tunnel linings, was conducted. Additionally, the three-point bending beam test, EN 14651 advised by Eurocode 2 and Model Code 2010 for evaluating the performance of FRC for use in typical structures, was carried out. In fact, most research and case studies of PSCL still utilize this standard even though it mainly referred to cast-in-mould samples. A numerical investigation was also performed using inverse analysis approach applied on notched cast-beam and the application of this method to notched sprayed panel tests was proposed. In fact, the main goal was to provide accurate uniaxial post-cracking constitutive laws representative of the actual behaviour of FRC sprayed concrete for use in numerical simulation of the corresponding permanent sprayed concrete lining. The study established clear relationships between the performance of sprayed and cast fibre-reinforced concrete, highlighting the importance of using representative sprayed test specimens for accurate mechanical characterisation and providing a consistent framework for the reliable characterisation and design of Permanent Sprayed Concrete Linings (PSCL).